Ethiopian Politicians in Hunger Strike Urge End to Impasse

Bloomberg | Opposition leaders have gone without food for almost 3 weeks. Oromo Federal Congress leaders facing terrorism charges.

Time is “running out” to resolve an impasse with imprisoned Ethiopian opposition leaders who’ve spent almost three weeks without food, according to a lawyer for one of the key figures behind the protest.

Media mogul Jawar Mohammed’s representative said the hunger strike was endangering the inmates’ lives and urged the government to seek a quick resolution.

“We are running out of time,” said lawyer Kedir Bulo. “All concerned bodies are advised to think judiciously and take prompt action to resolve the cause of the hunger strike.”

Two dozen leaders of the Oromo Federal Congress including Jawar were arrested in July on terrorism charges. They started the hunger strike on Jan. 27.

Prisoners’ Demands
The jailed politicians are demanding the government release prisoners of conscience and reinstate opposition party licenses. Jawar will continue the strike until political prisoners are freed, his lawyer said.

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s spokeswoman Billene Seyoum referred questions to the Attorney General and the police as Jawar is “under custody and under an ongoing criminal case.” The Attorney General’s office did not respond to questions.

The “reasonably justified demands of the prisoners must be addressed,” the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission said in a statement earlier this month.

Unrest in the region erupted after the assassination of Hachalu Hundessa, a popular Oromo musician, song-writer and advocate of the Oromo ethnic group.

Ethiopia Thwarts Iranian Plot to Attack UAE Embassy

Source | Iran is seeking to “activate sleeper cells” in Africa in order to attack “soft targets” in an attempt to avenge the killing of top commander Qassem Soleimani in a US drone strike and its top nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in 2020, reported The New York Times.

When Ethiopia’s intelligence agency recently uncovered a cell of 15 people it said were casing the embassy of the United Arab Emirates, along with a cache of weapons and explosives, it claimed to have foiled a major attack with the potential to sow havoc in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa.

But the Ethiopians omitted a key detail about the purported plot: who was behind it.

The only clue was the arrest of a 16th person: Accused of being the ringleader, Ahmed Ismail had been picked up in Sweden with the cooperation of friendly “African, Asian and European intelligence services,” the Ethiopians said.

Now American and Israeli officials say the operation was the work of Iran, whose intelligence service activated a sleeper cell in Addis Ababa last fall with orders to gather intelligence also on the embassies of the United States and Israel, reported the NYT.

They say the Ethiopian operation was part of a wider drive to seek soft targets in African countries where Iran might avenge painful, high-profile losses such as the death of Fakhrizadeh, said to have been killed by Israel in November, and Soleimani, killed by the United States in Iraq just over one year ago.

Citing Western intelligence sources, Rear Adm. Heidi K. Berg, director of intelligence at the Pentagon’s Africa command, said that Iran was behind the 15 people arrested in Ethiopia and that the “mastermind of this foiled plot,” Mr. Ismail, had been arrested in Sweden.

“Ethiopia and Sweden collaborated on the disruption to the plot,” Admiral Berg said in a statement.

Iran denied the accusations. “These are baseless allegations only provoked by the Zionist regime’s malicious media,” said a spokeswoman for the Iranian Embassy in Addis Ababa.

Even so, Ethiopia’s National Intelligence and Security Service said that a second group of plotters had been preparing to hit the Emirati Embassy in Khartoum, Sudan. A Sudanese official confirmed that account.

A senior United States defense official linked the arrests in Ethiopia to a failed Iranian plan to kill the United States ambassador to South Africa, which was reported by Politico in September. The American and Sudanese officials agreed to discuss the matter on condition of anonymity because of its diplomatic and intelligence sensitivity.

Still, much about the Ethiopian arrests and alleged Iranian role remained murky. The Ethiopian police have yet to formally charge the 15 plot suspects, only two of whom have been identified. Israeli officials say that as few as three of them may be actual Iranian operatives, with the others having been caught in the Ethiopian dragnet.

While Admiral Berg confirmed several details about Iran’s role in the Ethiopian arrests, other military and diplomatic officials in Washington declined to discuss it.

In contrast, officials in Israel, whose government is openly hostile to any thaw between Washington and Tehran, highlighted the purported plot as further evidence that Iran cannot be trusted.

For all its efforts, Iran has yet to deliver on its promises of vengeance for its high-profile losses, beyond a missile attack on American forces in Iran in January 2020, days after Soleimani was killed.

Any plan similar to the plot thwarted in Ethiopia, would be a curious choice, given its potential to undermine Joe Biden’s putative nuclear diplomacy with Iran, said Aaron David Miller, a foreign policy expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

“Africa is a relatively easy place to operate, and Ethiopia is preoccupied with other issues,” said Bruce Riedel, a former CIA officer now with the Brookings Institution, according to the NYT.

Meanwhile, the Jewish Chronicle revealed last week that the Israeli Mossad was behind the killing of Fakhrizadeh.

He was “killed by a one-ton automated gun that was smuggled into Iran piece-by-piece by the Mossad,” it reported.

“The 20-plus spy team, which comprised both Israeli and Iranian nationals, carried out the high-tech hit after eight months of painstaking surveillance, intelligence sources disclosed.”

‘Ethiopia to welcome mediation of Turkey with Sudan’

Anadolu Agency | ‘War is not an agenda. If mediation is offered by Turkey, Ethiopia will appreciate it,’ says Foreign Ministry spokesperson

ANKARA

If offered, Ethiopia would appreciate the Turkish government’s mediation on the recent border conflict with Sudan, said the Ethiopian Foreign Ministry spokesperson on Tuesday.

In an exclusive interview with Anadolu Agency, Ambassador Dina Mufti underscored that the Ethio-Sudanese border conflict could be solved through diplomatic means.

With a 1,600-km (994-mile) long shared border, Ethiopia and Sudan face issues regarding the Fashaga Triangle, a decades-long-disputed border without hard demarcation.

The spokesperson also appreciated the constructive relations within the Horn of Africa despite the recent issues with Sudan.

“Without exaggerating, We now have a great relationship with Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, and Sudan despite the unfortunate borders situation that is created the other day,” he added.

He also urged cooperation and the creation of a grow-together spirit throughout the region. “The relationship in the north is changing for good. However, we need to cooperate in this regard,” he also noted.

Regarding the operation in Tigray, he said Ethiopia has already started rehabilitation and widened the humanitarian aid reach throughout the whole region.

“So far, 80% of the region has been covered. The rest is eventually opening, and Ethiopia mobilizes its aid to that area too,” Dina added.

Mentioning the misinformation campaign against the country, he said some forces make a “fortune” out of the “crisis” in developing countries like Ethiopia.

‘We want Ethio-Turkish relations to flourish’

Reminding the strategic bilateral ties, Dina Mufti told Anadolu Agency that Ethiopia wants the relations to flourish in various areas, including developmental, security, and economy.

During their visit to Turkey on Feb. 15-16, the ambassador said Ethiopia and Turkey’s foreign ministers had discussed further strengthening of socio-economic and security ties.

On Feb. 15, Ethiopia and Turkey have celebrated the 125th anniversary of diplomatic relations as Demeke Mekonnen, the Ethiopian deputy prime minister and foreign minister, arrived in Turkey for a brief work visit.

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu, with his counterpart Demeke, has also inaugurated Ethiopia’s new embassy building in the capital Ankara.

Er Norge redd for å stille krav til Etiopia?

Bistandsaktuelt | MENINGER: Den nye partnerlandstrategien baseres kun på «de gode historiene om Abiy Ahmeds regjering». Hvorfor tør ikke Norge å stille tydelige krav til Etiopias myndigheter? spør Dereje T. Asefa.

Jeg fikk tilsendt den nye partnerlandstrategien for Etiopia som Norge vil følge. Etter gjennomlesning forstår jeg hvorfor Kjetil Tronvolls kalte den «utdatert» i en artikkel publisert av Bistandsaktuelt.

Partnerlandstrategien bruker bare «de gode historiene om Abiy Ahmeds regjering i 2018» som grunnlag. Man kan virkelig lure på hvorfor fredslandet Norge velger å ignorere fakta når man utarbeider en strategi for et framtidig samarbeid. Jeg sendte et brev til Utenriksdepartementet i januar i år og ba dem om å forklare hvorfor de valgte å gjøre dette. Norge var også blant de første landene internasjonalt som ga utrykk for bekymring over krigen i Etiopia.

Optimismen rundt Abiy er borte

Abiy Ahmed er en helt annen politisk person med en helt annen agenda nå enn i 2018. Dessverre har perioden etter fredspristildelingen vært preget av store negative endringer. Optimismen rundt Abiy Ahmed og hans regjering eksisterer ikke lenger. Landet sliter politisk, økonomisk og sikkerhetsmessig. Demokratiske institusjoner og utviklingsinstitusjoner er svekket. Flere opposisjonsledere, journalister og regimekritikere har blitt fengslet. De demokratiske verdiene ble satt til side da fredsprisvinneren valgte å erklære krig mot provinsen Tigray i november i fjor.

Krigen i Tigray har tatt flere tusen sivile liv. Over 61.000 har flyktet til nabolandet Sudan. Halvparten av flyktningene er barn og kvinner. Store deler av Tigray-regionen er totalt isolert fra omverdenen, og over 1,2 millioner mennesker har blitt hjemløse. Store deler av regionen er uten tilgang til strøm, telefon og internett, og kommunikasjon med omverdenen er umulig. De fleste veiene og flyplassene er stengt. Forsyninger av nødvendige og livreddende materialer kommer derfor ikke frem til de som trenger det. Folk har ikke penger til å kjøpe det de trenger fordi bankene er stengt. Det rapporteres nå at barn og kvinner har begynt å dø av sykdom og sult. Seksualisert vold mot barn og kvinner er vanlig. Nobels fredsprisvinneren vil ikke gi humanitære organisasjoner uhindret tilgang til Tigray-regionen. Dét til tross for at FN rapporterer at over 4,5 millioner – 70 prosent av den regionale befolkningen – trenger nødhjelp.

Situasjonen vil bli kritisk dersom Abiy Ahmed fortsetter å bruke sult som våpen mot befolkningen i Tigray samtidig som humanitære organisasjoner nektes tilgang til regionen. Sikkerheten til de nærmere 100.000 eritreiske flyktningene som oppholder seg i flyktningeleirene i Tigray er betraktelig svekket. Rapporter viser at noen av disse flyktningene har blitt myrdet av eritreiske soldater som deltar i kampene i Tigray, mens andre har blitt sendt tilbake til Eritrea mot sin vilje.

Det er ikke bare Tigray som sliter under Abiy Ahmed. Lokale og internasjonale medier rapporterer om uroligheter og konflikter i Oromia, Benshangul, Somali, Afar og flere andre provinser i landet. Det er uenigheter mellom flere regionale stater. Antall etniske konflikter har økt betydelig etter Abiy Ahmed kom til makten. Disse konfliktene har bidratt til at Etiopia har blitt kjent som et av de landene i verden med høyest andel internt fordrevne flyktninger. Abiy Ahmed selv har rapportert til det etiopiske stortinget at det har vært 113 etniske konflikter i løpet av de siste tre årene. Historier om massakrer, krigsforbrytelser, voldtekter og krim har blitt vanlige innslag i de daglige nyhetssendingene.

Norge må stille krav

Norge uttrykker sin bekymring for sivilbefolkningen i den krigsrammede Tigray-regionen i Etiopia. Utenriksminister Ine Eriksen Søreide mener det må undersøkes om det har forekommet krigsforbrytelse i Tigray i en artikkel i Bistandsaktuelt.

Søreide sa at «eventuelle brudd på humanitærretten, menneskerettighetene og flyktningkonvensjonen må dokumenteres og verifiseres for å muliggjøre straffeforfølgelse i fremtiden». Realiteten er at det allerede finnes mer enn nok dokumentasjon på brudd på humanitærretten, menneskerettighetene og flyktningkonvensjonen. Forholdene er godt dokumentert av FN-organisasjoner, norske humanitære organisasjoner, menneskerettighetsorganisasjoner og media. Flere offentlige personer fra Abiy Ahmeds regjering har til og med bekreftet noen av disse bruddene. Videre har Norge hentet «norske statsborgere med opprinnelse fra Tigray» i konfliktsonen tilbake til Norge. Disse personene har sett og kan bekrefte krigsforbrytelser, voldtekter, drap og vandalisme begått av etiopiske og eritreiske hærstyrker.

Det er derfor urovekkende at partnerlandsstrategien for Etiopia, som Norge skal forholde seg til ved fremtidige samarbeid, har utelatt de nåværende faktaene som er godt dokumentert og kjent for den norske regjeringen.

Utviklingsminister Dag-Inge Ulsteins uttalelser om at Norge «nå gjennomgår bistandsporteføljen» og «vurderer behov for endring» er positive. Å gjennomgå bistandsporteføljen er bra, men endring er «absolutt nødvendig» akkurat nå. Foreldede fakta og «gode gamle historier» må byttes ut med nåværende fakta. Det er viktig at arbeidet med oppdatering og endring av partnerlandsstrategien settes i gang nå.

Norge har utrykt sin bekymring flere ganger, og situasjonen i Etiopia har gått fra vondt til verre. Likevel har Norge ikke iverksatt konkrete tiltak som tvinger den etiopiske regjeringen til å respektere internasjonale lover. Jeg synes det er uforståelig at Norge ikke tør å stille tydelige krav til Etiopias myndigheter slik EU gjør. Norge har makt til å kreve at Etiopia både må respektere menneskerettighetene og flyktningkonvensjonen og gi humanitære aktører tilgang til Tigray-provinsen. EU har allerede begynt å stille slike krav, og Norge bør følge EUs eksempel.

Partnerlandstrategien må oppdateres og endres slik at den tar hensyn til nåværende fakta. Dét er det man må gjøre for å formidle et tydelig krav. Norge må bruke strategien til å gi klar beskjed og stille krav til at folkerett, menneskerettigheter og internasjonale konvensjoner respekteres dersom Norge skal fortsette å gi bistand til Etiopia.

Ethiopia: Journalist attacked and threatened with death

International Federation of Journalists | Ethiopian freelance journalist Lucy Kassa was attacked at her home in Addis Ababa on 8 February by three unidentified armed men in plain clothes who threatened to kill her for her reporting. The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) condemns the attack and demands the government take urgent steps to ensure her safety.

Lucy Kassa has worked for various international media including Los Angeles Times, Al Jazeera and the Norwegian magazine «Bistandsaktuelt» for several years.

Since armed conflict broke out in the Tigray region in November between the Ethiopian government and the local authorities, Kassa has reported extensively on the human rights situation there.

On 8 February, 3 attackers in plain clothes entered Kassa’s home, beat her and threatened to kill her “for writing bad stories about Tigray”. Her computer and some photos were stolen by the attackers.

The attack ocurred at the time the journalist was working on a story for the Los Angeles Times about a woman who was gang-raped by Eritrean soldiers and other women being abducted in a rural village in Tigray. The story was published today.

Kassa claims she was attacked because of her reporting on the war in Tigray. “I was interrogated by the armed men on my relationship with the TPLF junta and I told them that I have nothing to do with the TPLF,” she told Bistandsaktuelt.

She has been criticised for being too critical of both the Abiy Government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF).

IFJ General Secretary Anthony Bellanger, said: “The attack on Lucy Kassa is a cowardly and deliberate attack on freedom of expression. The only intention of the attackers is to silence Lucy, so that she will not report on the horrendous atrocities that are being committed in Tigray by both government forces and the TPLF. Journalists must be allowed to do their jobs without any form of intimidation and harassment”.

The International Federation of Journalists urges the Abiy government to provide Lucy Kassa with all the safety measures she needs to carry out her duties as a journalist.

Korrespondent skal ha blitt angrepet og truet i eget hjem: − Jeg er veldig redd

VG | Mandag skal tre bevæpnede menn i sivilt tøy ha tatt seg inn i leiligheten til Bistandsaktuelt korrespondent, Lucy Kassa (29), i Addis Abeba.

Kassa har vært Bistandsaktuelts korrespondent i to år. Hun sier til VG at hun først ikke forsto hva mennene lette etter da de snudde leiligheten hennes på hodet.

– Så fant de bildene jeg har fått tak ifra en kilde i Adigrat i Tigray. Bildene skulle støtte oppunder en sak jeg jobber med for LA Times. Noen lette og noen avhørte meg, sier hun.

Saken omhandler en kvinne som skal ha blitt bortført, holdt fanget i over 15 dager og gjengvoldtatt av eritreiske soldater.

– Grunnet etnisiteten min antok de at jeg støtter TPLF, og at jeg skriver om situasjonen fordi jeg er fra Tigray. Jeg sa at jeg skriver om situasjonen fordi jeg er journalist, ikke fordi jeg er fra Tigray. Jeg ble ikke trodd. De sa ting ville bli vanskelig for meg om jeg fortsatte og at det neste gang ville det få større konsekvenser. De truet meg på livet, sier Kassa.

– Jeg er veldig redd, det er første gang jeg møter slik trakassering og trusler. Natt til tirsdag var jeg våken hele natten og jeg frykter for familien min. Jeg ikke vet om de vil komme tilbake eller vil gjøre meg noe i fremtiden. Det er usikkert, jeg vet ikke om de kan komme til å fengsle meg eller drepe meg.

Les videre >>

Etiopisk minister erkjenner at det har skjedd voldtekter i Tigray

NTB | Etiopias kvinneminister sier at det utvilsomt har skjedd voldtekter i den krigsherjede Tigray-regionen i Etiopia.

Uttalelse er en sjelden innrømmelse av at kvinner og jenter i Tigray er blitt utsatt for seksuelle overgrep under regjeringsstyrkenes offensiv.

Kvinneminister Filsan Abdullahi Ahmed kom med uttalelsen etter at en gruppe fra etiopiske påtalemyndigheter besøkte Tigray for å etterforske anklagene om seksuelle overgrep mot lokale kvinner.

– Vi venter på etterforskningen av disse forferdelige forbrytelsene, sier hun, men uten å nevne noe om omfanget eller hvor i regionen overgrepene er begått.

Fortsatt er regionens 6 millioner innbyggere i stor grad isolert fra resten av verden.

Den etiopiske menneskerettskommisjonen har meldt at det i løpet av de to siste månedene er rapportert inn 108 voldtekter til helsepersonell i ulike deler av regionen.

Kommisjonen mener imidlertid at antallet kan være høyere ettersom klinikkene som normalt mottar meldinger om voldtekt, i stor grad er borte.

Flere øyenvitner sier at både etiopiske regjeringsstyrker og soldater fra nabolandet Eritrea har stått bak voldtekter.

(©NTB)

S&P joins Fitch in downgrade of Ethiopia on potential debt restructuring

(Reuters) – S&P Global Ratings on Friday downgraded Ethiopia’s long-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit ratings to ‘B-’ from ‘B’ on potential debt restructuring, announcing the move days after Fitch Ratings downgraded the country.

“Exacerbated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ethiopia’s structurally weak external balance sheet has deteriorated further, in our view”, S&P Global Ratings said.

On Tuesday, Ethiopia’s sovereign dollar bonds dropped nearly 2 cents as Fitch chopped Ethiopia’s credit score by two notches after Addis Ababa signaled it could be the first with an international government bond to use a new G20 ‘Common Framework’ plan.

The scheme, which is open to over 70 of the world’s poorest countries, encourages their governments to defer or negotiate down their external debt as part of a wider debt relief program.

S&P said it estimated Ethiopia’s public debt repayment needs at about $5.5 billion over 2021-2024, including a $1 billion Eurobond due in 2024.

The ratings agency added that the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have slowed Ethiopia’s economic activity in the services and industry sectors, including retail trade, hospitality, transportation, and construction.

S&P described the Tigray conflict in November 2020 that followed increased tensions between the federal and local authorities as “the most significant (conflict) since Prime Minister Abby Ahmed took office in 2018.”

“Another outbreak of armed conflict could spur wider ethnic tensions, weakening Ethiopia’s political and institutional framework and threatening the government’s transformative reform agenda”, it added.


Read more

Fitch Downgrades Ethiopia To ‘CCC’ – Rating Action Commentary

The downgrade reflects the government’s announcement that it is looking to make use of the G20 “Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI)” (G20 CF), which although still an untested mechanism, explicitly raises the risk of a default event.

Ethiopia In Debt Restructuring, Downgrade After Printing Money, Despite Low Deficit

Ethiopia had been downgraded to ‘CCC’ from ‘B’ by Fitch Ratings after it applied for ‘Paris Club’ debt relief having printing money through central bank advances, despite relatively low government debt and a budget deficit of only 2.8 percent of gross domestic product.

Ethiopia Dollar Bonds Drop After Fitch Downgrade

Ethiopia’s sovereign dollar bonds dropped nearly 2 cents after Fitch downgraded the country to CCC, citing the government’s plan to make use of the new G20 common framework to overhaul its debt burden.

Exclusive: Ethiopia To Seek Debt Relief Under G20 Debt Framework – Ministry

Ethiopia plans to seek a restructuring of its sovereign debt under a new G20 common framework and is looking at all the available options, the country’s finance ministry told Reuters on Friday.

Ethiopia Debt Restructuring Plan Faces Hurdles Of Transparency

Ethiopia’s plan to seek debt restructuring under a G20 common framework agreed in November triggered a sell-off in African debt at the end of January on fears of a contagion effect.

All about debt (restructuring)

Ethiopia dollar bonds drop after Fitch downgrade

NASDAQ | Ethiopia’s sovereign dollar bonds dropped nearly 2 cents after Fitch downgraded the country to CCC, citing the government’s plan to make use of the new G20 common framework to overhaul its debt burden.

The country’s outstanding 2024 bond XS1151974877=TE dropped to as low as 92.06 cents in the dollar, according to Tradeweb data, trading close to record lows hit in late January when Ethiopia surprised markets with its announcement to seek debt relief.

“(This is) the first negative spillover from last week’s decision to go for the G20 Common Framework, a process that no eurobond issuer has been though yet, and one that could take some time, especially as private sector creditors have to be included,” said Simon Quijano-Evans, chief economist at Gemcorp Capital.

Fitch said earlier that the downgrade reflects the government’s announcement that it is looking to make use of the G20 framework, “which although still an untested mechanism, explicitly raises the risk of a default event.”

Ethiopia: Government approves ‘first step’ towards Tigray emergency assistance

UN agencies have received approval from the Ethiopian Government for 25 international staff to provide humanitarian assistance inside the country’s conflict-torn Tigray region, the UN Spokesperson said on Monday.

“This clearance is a first step towards ensuring that aid workers in Tigray can deliver and ramp up the response given the rapidly rising needs in the region”, Stéphane Dujarric told journalists at the daily press briefing.

He recalled a number of positive engagements between the Government and senior UN officials, including with Filippo Grandi, High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Gilles Michaud chief of UN Safety and Security and most recently, David Beasley, Executive Director of the World Food Programme (WFP).

“Mr. Beasley has just wrapped up a trip to Ethiopia and he says that WFP has accepted the Government’s request to help authorities and aid partners transport aid into and within Tigray”, informed Mr. Dujarric.

Moreover, WFP has also agreed to provide emergency food aid for up to one million people in Tigray.

The conflict between the Government and regional forces of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) began in early November, when the Prime Minister ordered a military offensive after rebels attacked a federal army base. Government forces reported that the region had been secured at the end of November, but TPLF resistance has continued amid accusations of extrajudicial killings and rights abuses.

Escalating humanitarian needs

Meanwhile, around 60 more humanitarian workers from the UN and non-governmental organizations are awaiting approval in the capital Addis Ababa for deployment to Tigray.

They also look forward to rapid authorizations for any further requests put forward.

“While we welcome these clearances, we remain deeply concerned about the significant escalation in humanitarian needs in Tigray, where people have endured more than three months of conflict with extremely limited assistance”, said the UN spokesperson.

He also expressed unease over continued reports of grave violations against civilians.

“We reiterate our call for the full resumption of free and unconditional access for humanitarian supplies and personnel to the Tigray region”, Mr. Dujarric said, adding that it should include “blanket clearances” for organizations operating in the area, “so that we can immediately reach all the people in need with all the assistance they urgently require”.