In its annual forecast, the International Crisis Group (ICG)  highlights a series of critical conflicts likely to shape global affairs in 2025. Below are the 10 conflicts to watch in 2025:

1. Syria: The Assad regime has fallen, leading to a power vacuum and potential instability. HTS, a former al Qaeda affiliate, has taken control of major cities, but faces challenges in maintaining order and governance.

2. Sudan: The war between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army has displaced millions and caused severe food shortages. The conflict risks destabilizing neighboring countries and requires urgent international intervention.

3. Ukraine and European Security: The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine continues to escalate, with Russia holding the upper hand. Negotiations for a cease-fire are challenging, and the conflict threatens broader European security.

4. Israel-Palestine: Israel’s assault on Gaza has caused significant destruction and loss of life. The conflict has reshaped Gaza’s geography and poses challenges for future governance and peace efforts.

5. Iran vs. the U.S. and Israel: Iran’s network of nonstate allies has been weakened by Israeli and U.S. actions. The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has further isolated Iran, but it still possesses significant military capabilities.

6. Haiti: The country is facing gang violence and political instability, leading to a humanitarian crisis. International efforts are needed to restore order and provide aid.

7. U.S.-Mexico: Issues with drug cartels and migration continue to strain relations between the two countries. Cooperation and policy changes are necessary to address these challenges.

8. Myanmar: The civil war in Myanmar shows no signs of abating, with ethnic armed groups and the military junta locked in a brutal conflict. The international community must support efforts for peace and stability.

9. Korean Peninsula: Tensions remain high between North and South Korea, with the potential for escalation always present. Diplomatic efforts are crucial to prevent conflict.

10. U.S.-China: The rivalry between the U.S. and China is intensifying, with flashpoints in the South China Sea, Taiwan, and trade disputes. Both countries need to manage their competition to avoid conflict.

These conflicts are expected to shape global politics and security in the coming year. You can read the full article here.